Collections of self-propelled
entities, from living cells to engineered microswimmers, organize in a rich
variety of active fluid and solid states, with unusual properties. For
instance, active fluids can flow with no externally applied driving forces and
active gases do not fill their container. In this talk I will describe the
behavior of such “active
materials”, focusing on two examples
of liquid-solid transitions driven by active processes. The first is the formation of cohesive matter
with no cohesive forces in
collections of purely repulsive active colloids. The second describes the properties
of epithelial tissues that exhibit a liquid-solid transition at constant
density driven by cell motility, contractility, and cell-cell adhesion.