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Cryptography from noisy quantum storage


Abstract:

We show how to implement cryptographic primitives based on the realistic assumption that quantum storage of qubits is noisy.  To illustrate the power of this new model, we show that a protocol for oblivious transfer (OT) is secure for any amount of quantum-storage noise, as long as honest players can perform perfect quantum operations.  We then address a more realistic setting, where the honest players also experience noise.  We show trade-offs between the amount of storage noise, the amount of noise in the operations performed by the honest players and the security of oblivious transfer with individual-storage attacks.  As an example, we show that for the case of depolarizing noise in storage we can obtain secure oblivious transfer as long as the quantum bit-error rate of the channel does not exceed 11% and the noise on the channel is strictly less than the quantum storage noise.  Finally, we show that our analysis easily carries over to quantum protocols for secure identification.


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